{"id":5691,"date":"2021-09-20T15:23:08","date_gmt":"2021-09-20T07:23:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/?p=5691"},"modified":"2021-10-05T16:24:36","modified_gmt":"2021-10-05T08:24:36","slug":"tocotrienols-for-brain-health-and-cognitive-support","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/index.php\/2021\/09\/20\/tocotrienols-for-brain-health-and-cognitive-support\/","title":{"rendered":"Tocotrienols for brain health and cognitive support"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5691\" class=\"elementor elementor-5691\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96d19d5 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96d19d5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3437a412\" data-id=\"3437a412\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6937518 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6937518\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tocotrienols for Brain Health and Cognitive Support<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c826cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3c826cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/leong_sfondo.1024_0_1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5697\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/leong_sfondo.1024_0_1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/leong_sfondo.1024_0_1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/leong_sfondo.1024_0_1-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-de6f99f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"de6f99f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-75e191b\" data-id=\"75e191b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6e9987 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f6e9987\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d92f67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d92f67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vitamin E is an essential fat-soluble vitamin that is important in maintaining certain health functions such as reproduction, skin health and brain protection. Vitamin E exists naturally in eight forms (d-alpha-, d-beta-, d-gamma-, and d-delta-tocopherol and d-alpha-, d-beta-, d-gamma-, and d-delta-tocotrienol). Among these vitamin E, tocotrienols\u2019 unique biological activity in relation to brain protection and cognitive health have attracted tremendous interests from both academic, research scientists as well as dietary supplement companies.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ced488f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ced488f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-43a4d35\" data-id=\"43a4d35\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3be12f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f3be12f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Journey Began from an Nih-funded in Vitro Study of Vitamin E Isomers in Neuron Cell Survival<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13a02b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13a02b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>While both tocopherols and tocotrienols\u00a0are Vitamin E and\u00a0have similar molecular structures, they differ in term of the unsaturation in their tail (side chain). Tocotrienol\u00a0has\u00a0three\u00a0unsaturated bonds\u00a0in its\u00a0isoprenoid\u00a0tail; whereas tocopherol\u00a0has a fully\u00a0saturated\u00a0tail.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29199ed elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"29199ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"603\" height=\"145\" src=\"https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/leong_image.2048_0_1.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5698\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/leong_image.2048_0_1.png 603w, https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/leong_image.2048_0_1-300x72.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 603px) 100vw, 603px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e337080 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e337080\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"tocotrienols_for_brain_health_and_cognitive_support_text-3\" class=\"area  textbox  style_TEXT_bodytext \" data-name=\"text\" data-template=\"text\" data-area-name=\"text-3\"><section data-elkey=\"textbox\" data-html-edit=\"textbox\"><p>While both tocopherols and tocotrienols\u00a0are Vitamin E and\u00a0have similar molecular structures, they differ in term of the unsaturation in their tail (side chain). Tocotrienol\u00a0has\u00a0three\u00a0unsaturated bonds\u00a0in its\u00a0isoprenoid\u00a0tail; whereas tocopherol\u00a0has a fully\u00a0saturated\u00a0tail.<\/p><\/section><\/section><section id=\"tocotrienols_for_brain_health_and_cognitive_support_text-5\" class=\"area  textbox  style_TEXT_bodytext \" data-name=\"text\" data-template=\"text\" data-area-name=\"text-5\"><section data-elkey=\"textbox\" data-html-edit=\"textbox\"><p>In a layman\u2019s term, tocotrienols can be defined as the \u201cUnsaturated Form of Vitamin E\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>Tocotrienols are a lipid-soluble antioxidant. Its antioxidant activity was\u00a0reported\u00a0to\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/089158499190033Y?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/089158499190033Y?via%3Dihub\">be\u00a040 to 60 times more potent than\u00a0the regular vitamin E\u00a0tocopherol<\/a>,\u00a0by the late Dr. Lester Packer, one of\u00a0the world&#8217;s foremost\u202fantioxidant research scientists. In late 90s, his then student (Dr. Chandan K. Sen)\u00a0carried out\u00a0a blinded study on vitamin E isomers (tocopherols and tocotrienols)\u00a0and their response to\u00a0glutamate\u00a0challenge\u00a0in protecting the brain. Interestingly, tocotrienols significantly out-performs\u00a0tocopherol where only\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0021925819834221\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0021925819834221\">nano-molar\u00a0(10<sup>-9<\/sup>)\u00a0concentration\u00a0of tocotrienol\u00a0is required in\u00a0rescuing\u00a0neuron cells from glutamate-induced brain damages<\/a>.\u00a0On the other hand &#8211;\u00a0approximately\u00a01000 times higher concentration of tocopherol is required to achieve the same level of protection. This discovery leads\u00a0to the beginning of tocotrienol\u2019s research in\u00a0neuro\u00a0protection and cognitive health.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>Subsequently, over the past 20 years\u00a0with funding from NIH,\u00a0Prof. Sen and his research team\u00a0at the Ohio State University Medical Center published\u00a0five\u00a0different mechanisms in which\u00a0tocotrienols modulate\u00a0molecular signals that\u00a0lead to protection of\u00a0neuronal cells from stroke-\u00a0or\u00a0glutamate-induced injuries:<\/p><\/section><\/section>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8c3788 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8c3788\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"tocotrienols_for_brain_health_and_cognitive_support_text-3\" class=\"area textbox style_TEXT_bodytext \" data-name=\"text\" data-template=\"text\" data-area-name=\"text-3\"><section data-elkey=\"textbox\" data-html-edit=\"textbox\"><ul><li><a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000181082.70763.22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000181082.70763.22\">Reduction in c-Src\u00a0kinase activation<\/a>;\u00a0<\/li><li><a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0021925820826349\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0021925820826349\">Inhibition of 12-lipoxygenase phosphorylation<\/a>;\u00a0<\/li><li><a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06550.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06550.x\">Inhibition of phospholipase A2<\/a>;\u00a0<\/li><li><a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.608547\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.608547\">Up-regulation of Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1)<\/a>;\u00a0<\/li><li><a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.68\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.68\">Rescued stroke-induced loss of miR-29b (microRNA-29b) and minimized lesion size<\/a>.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/section><\/section>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ad00c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ad00c4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-76436ef\" data-id=\"76436ef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10aa587 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"10aa587\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Neuroprotection of Palm Tocotrienol Complex<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d180a56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d180a56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>60% of human brain is\u00a0made up of\u00a0fat\u00a0and with its high oxygen consumption,\u00a0the\u00a0brain is highly susceptible to oxidative stress. A team of\u00a0Japanese\u00a0researchers\u00a0from Department of Neurology, Okayama University,\u00a0assessed the\u00a0therapeutic and anti-inflammatory effects of pretreatment\u00a0with\u00a0palm tocotrienols\/tocopherol complex\u00a0on transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in mice. These mice were\u00a0fed\u00a0with palm tocotrienols\/tocopherol\u00a0complex\u00a0(200mg\/kg\/day)\u00a0for 1 month prior to\u00a0the challenge of tMCAO. The\u00a0treated group\u00a0reported significant\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1052305718301423\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1052305718301423\">neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress\u00a0via anti-apoptotic\/autophagic cell death<\/a>\u00a0as well as by\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1052305718301551\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1052305718301551\">anti-inflammatory effects in ischemic mice brain<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p><p>In another study \u2013 Prof Sen published another study which shows that supplementation with\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3210346\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3210346\/\">palm tocotrienol complex improves blood flow to the brain in a canine model, by enhancing leptomeningeal collateralization to the middle cerebral artery territory and increased expression of\u00a0arteriogenic genes\u00a0<\/a>(chloride intracellular channel 1 and TIMP 1).<\/p><p>A two-year, randomized, controlled trial with follow up of white matter lesion (WML) change in human subjects was conducted by researchers from the University Science Malaysia. It was one of the\u00a0largest human clinical trials on\u202fpalm tocotrienol complex that looked at White Matter Lesions induced by TIA (transient ischemic attack). The results were published in American Heart Association&#8217;s journal \u2013\u00a0Stroke\u00a0which\u202fshows that\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/strokeaha.113.004449\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/strokeaha.113.004449\">natural full spectrum palm tocotrienols\/tocopherol complex attenuates the progression of brain white matter lesion\u00a0<\/a>load in human, which are linked to\u00a0reduced risk of neurodegenerative cognitive\u00a0diseases and stroke.\u202f\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-b78e41e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b78e41e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8a642ef\" data-id=\"8a642ef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a777133 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a777133\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tocotrienols and Cognitive Health\/Cognitive Decline <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e928998 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e928998\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Brain is undoubtedly a remarkable organ with important functional responsibilities such as reading, learning, balance, sleep, memory, behavior, movement, vision, appetite, emotion and etc.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>Chronic alcohol\u202fintake is known to induce brain dysfunction and neuronal damage. The cognitive-supporting effects of tocotrienols and alpha-tocopherol was assessed in Male Wistar rats, given ethanol (10g\/kg) for 10 weeks. Administration of\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/19464322\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/19464322\">tocotrienol showed a more pronounced\u00a0effects in preventing the change of biochemical, molecule (i.e. oxidative-nitrosative\u00a0stress, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels)\u00a0and behavior (i.e. learning and memory) in the brains of ethanol-challenged rats<\/a>. Hence, tocotrienol\u00a0has more potent potency\u00a0in\u00a0addressing\u00a0cognitive deficits associated with chronic alcohol consumption.\u00a0<\/p><p>Brain-aging is another\u00a0reason of cognitive decline (i.e.\u00a0memory or thinking skills)\u00a0and even\u00a0leading to\u00a0a more serious issue \u2013 \u201cdementia\u201d. The improvement of learning and memory deficit by supplementation of palm tocotrienols\/tocopherol\u00a0complex\u00a0were reported in 2 recent papers by researchers from Malaysia and Japan. The Malaysian researchers discovered that aged rats supplemented\u00a0with palm tocotrienols\/tocopherol complex (200mg\/kg\/day) for 3 months shows a\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11745-014-3919-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11745-014-3919-2\">markedly reduction\u00a0level of anxiety, improved spatial learning and memory, reduced amount and severity of DNA damage, a reduced level of MDA, as well as\u00a0increased levels of antioxidant enzyme activity and plasma\/brain vitamin E<\/a>\u00a0compared with age-matched controls. Meantime, the Japanese researchers found\u00a0that\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jcbn\/58\/2\/58_15-52\/_article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jcbn\/58\/2\/58_15-52\/_article\">tocotrienols can reach the brain even though with\u00a0oxidatively-damaged blood brain barrier in the aged rats\u00a0and markedly improves age-related deficits in learning and memory<\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>In 2020, a\u00a0randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study reported the cognitive function improvement through supplementation of\u00a0palm\u00a0tocotrienol complex and astaxanthin in adults who felt\u00a0a memory decline. The study involved 44 healthy subjects who received either a combination of astaxanthin (9mg) and tocotrienol (50mg) or a placebo capsule daily, for 12 weeks supplementation.\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/central\/doi\/10.1002\/central\/CN-02202151\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/central\/doi\/10.1002\/central\/CN-02202151\/full\">The astaxanthin-tocotrienols group shows\u00a0a significant improvement in composite memory and verbal memory in Cognitrax\u00a0at the end of the intervention period<\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6af2af6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6af2af6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-08c4158\" data-id=\"08c4158\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40b5ea4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"40b5ea4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vitamin E Tocotrienols \/ Tocopherol in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Ad<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ddeaa6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ddeaa6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Researchers at the Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm studied the relationship of vitamin E\u00a0\u2013 both tocopherols and tocotrienols\u00a0and\u00a0Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (AD) in cross-sectional multicenter study of\u00a0older European population. MCI is often thought as the precursor of AD.\u00a0The study population was derived from the AddNeuroMed Project, a multicenter European longitudinal study on the detection of biomarkers for AD. It is one of the largest cohorts of AD and MCI subjects, gathered from more than 6 European countries.\u00a0\u00a0A total of 4 published\u00a0epidemiological studies\u00a0show that\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/articles\/journal-of-alzheimers-disease\/jad091450\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/articles\/journal-of-alzheimers-disease\/jad091450\">all vitamin E isoforms (d-mixed tocopherols and d-mixed tocotrienols) are important to support a healthy cognitive function, rather than to\u00a0regular vitamin E alpha-tocopherol alone<\/a>. In addition,\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/22192241\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/22192241\">low plasma tocopherols and tocotrienols levels, especially tocotrienols, are associated with increased odds of MCI and AD<\/a>. Meanwhile,\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/joim.12037\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/joim.12037\">elevated levels of tocopherol and tocotrienol forms are associated with reduced risk of cognitive impairment in older adults<\/a>. The fourth publication, published in Experimental Gerontology, suggests\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0531556513002878\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0531556513002878\">plasma level of tocopherols and tocotrienols play potential role of nutritional biomarkers as indirect indicators of AD pathology, and connecting tocotrienols to improved cognitive health\/reduced MCI risk<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e68e680 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e68e680\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3342101\" data-id=\"3342101\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c56097 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6c56097\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9cd4a38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9cd4a38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tocotrienols, more known as the \u201cSuper Vitamin E\u201d \u2013 has a significant body of science and human studies on brain health\/neuroprotection benefits\u00a0and cognitive improvement. They play an important role in\u00a0protecting the brain and supporting healthy cognitive functions, when challenged by external toxins and due to the inevitable aging process. Hence, when formulating a formula for brain health or cognitive support, it is prudent to incorporate the right form of vitamin E \u2013\u00a0ie: Tocotrienols.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-013a81a elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"013a81a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-45475a2\" data-id=\"45475a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e4ee19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8e4ee19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tocotrienols for Brain Health and Cognitive Support<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4ea881 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c4ea881\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/leong_sfondo.1024_0_1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5697\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/leong_sfondo.1024_0_1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/leong_sfondo.1024_0_1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/leong_sfondo.1024_0_1-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-b24c29f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b24c29f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-14ca88c\" data-id=\"14ca88c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd3a08f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dd3a08f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3f9321 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c3f9321\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vitamin E is an essential fat-soluble vitamin that is important in maintaining certain health functions such as reproduction, skin health and brain protection. Vitamin E exists naturally in eight forms (d-alpha-, d-beta-, d-gamma-, and d-delta-tocopherol and d-alpha-, d-beta-, d-gamma-, and d-delta-tocotrienol). Among these vitamin E, tocotrienols\u2019 unique biological activity in relation to brain protection and cognitive health have attracted tremendous interests from both academic, research scientists as well as dietary supplement companies.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-9106d31 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9106d31\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6e23f67\" data-id=\"6e23f67\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ff2c76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4ff2c76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Journey Began from an Nih-funded in Vitro Study of Vitamin E Isomers in Neuron Cell Survival<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a88e27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1a88e27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>While both tocopherols and tocotrienols\u00a0are Vitamin E and\u00a0have similar molecular structures, they differ in term of the unsaturation in their tail (side chain). Tocotrienol\u00a0has\u00a0three\u00a0unsaturated bonds\u00a0in its\u00a0isoprenoid\u00a0tail; whereas tocopherol\u00a0has a fully\u00a0saturated\u00a0tail.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3edf26d elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3edf26d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"603\" height=\"145\" src=\"https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/leong_image.2048_0_1.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5698\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/leong_image.2048_0_1.png 603w, https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/leong_image.2048_0_1-300x72.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 603px) 100vw, 603px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c847f9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c847f9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"tocotrienols_for_brain_health_and_cognitive_support_text-3\" class=\"area  textbox  style_TEXT_bodytext \" data-name=\"text\" data-template=\"text\" data-area-name=\"text-3\"><section data-elkey=\"textbox\" data-html-edit=\"textbox\"><p>While both tocopherols and tocotrienols\u00a0are Vitamin E and\u00a0have similar molecular structures, they differ in term of the unsaturation in their tail (side chain). Tocotrienol\u00a0has\u00a0three\u00a0unsaturated bonds\u00a0in its\u00a0isoprenoid\u00a0tail; whereas tocopherol\u00a0has a fully\u00a0saturated\u00a0tail.<\/p><\/section><\/section><section id=\"tocotrienols_for_brain_health_and_cognitive_support_text-5\" class=\"area  textbox  style_TEXT_bodytext \" data-name=\"text\" data-template=\"text\" data-area-name=\"text-5\"><section data-elkey=\"textbox\" data-html-edit=\"textbox\"><p>In a layman\u2019s term, tocotrienols can be defined as the \u201cUnsaturated Form of Vitamin E\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>Tocotrienols are a lipid-soluble antioxidant. Its antioxidant activity was\u00a0reported\u00a0to\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/089158499190033Y?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/089158499190033Y?via%3Dihub\">be\u00a040 to 60 times more potent than\u00a0the regular vitamin E\u00a0tocopherol<\/a>,\u00a0by the late Dr. Lester Packer, one of\u00a0the world&#8217;s foremost\u202fantioxidant research scientists. In late 90s, his then student (Dr. Chandan K. Sen)\u00a0carried out\u00a0a blinded study on vitamin E isomers (tocopherols and tocotrienols)\u00a0and their response to\u00a0glutamate\u00a0challenge\u00a0in protecting the brain. Interestingly, tocotrienols significantly out-performs\u00a0tocopherol where only\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0021925819834221\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0021925819834221\">nano-molar\u00a0(10<sup>-9<\/sup>)\u00a0concentration\u00a0of tocotrienol\u00a0is required in\u00a0rescuing\u00a0neuron cells from glutamate-induced brain damages<\/a>.\u00a0On the other hand &#8211;\u00a0approximately\u00a01000 times higher concentration of tocopherol is required to achieve the same level of protection. This discovery leads\u00a0to the beginning of tocotrienol\u2019s research in\u00a0neuro\u00a0protection and cognitive health.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>Subsequently, over the past 20 years\u00a0with funding from NIH,\u00a0Prof. Sen and his research team\u00a0at the Ohio State University Medical Center published\u00a0five\u00a0different mechanisms in which\u00a0tocotrienols modulate\u00a0molecular signals that\u00a0lead to protection of\u00a0neuronal cells from stroke-\u00a0or\u00a0glutamate-induced injuries:<\/p><\/section><\/section>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-658c012 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"658c012\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"tocotrienols_for_brain_health_and_cognitive_support_text-3\" class=\"area textbox style_TEXT_bodytext \" data-name=\"text\" data-template=\"text\" data-area-name=\"text-3\"><section data-elkey=\"textbox\" data-html-edit=\"textbox\"><ul><li><a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000181082.70763.22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000181082.70763.22\">Reduction in c-Src\u00a0kinase activation<\/a>;\u00a0<\/li><li><a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0021925820826349\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0021925820826349\">Inhibition of 12-lipoxygenase phosphorylation<\/a>;\u00a0<\/li><li><a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06550.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06550.x\">Inhibition of phospholipase A2<\/a>;\u00a0<\/li><li><a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.608547\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.608547\">Up-regulation of Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1)<\/a>;\u00a0<\/li><li><a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.68\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.68\">Rescued stroke-induced loss of miR-29b (microRNA-29b) and minimized lesion size<\/a>.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/section><\/section>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ec17e48 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ec17e48\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-eb9126c\" data-id=\"eb9126c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fad887f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fad887f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Neuroprotection of Palm Tocotrienol Complex<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc0bd1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc0bd1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>60% of human brain is\u00a0made up of\u00a0fat\u00a0and with its high oxygen consumption,\u00a0the\u00a0brain is highly susceptible to oxidative stress. A team of\u00a0Japanese\u00a0researchers\u00a0from Department of Neurology, Okayama University,\u00a0assessed the\u00a0therapeutic and anti-inflammatory effects of pretreatment\u00a0with\u00a0palm tocotrienols\/tocopherol complex\u00a0on transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in mice. These mice were\u00a0fed\u00a0with palm tocotrienols\/tocopherol\u00a0complex\u00a0(200mg\/kg\/day)\u00a0for 1 month prior to\u00a0the challenge of tMCAO. The\u00a0treated group\u00a0reported significant\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1052305718301423\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1052305718301423\">neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress\u00a0via anti-apoptotic\/autophagic cell death<\/a>\u00a0as well as by\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1052305718301551\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1052305718301551\">anti-inflammatory effects in ischemic mice brain<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p><p>In another study \u2013 Prof Sen published another study which shows that supplementation with\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3210346\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3210346\/\">palm tocotrienol complex improves blood flow to the brain in a canine model, by enhancing leptomeningeal collateralization to the middle cerebral artery territory and increased expression of\u00a0arteriogenic genes\u00a0<\/a>(chloride intracellular channel 1 and TIMP 1).<\/p><p>A two-year, randomized, controlled trial with follow up of white matter lesion (WML) change in human subjects was conducted by researchers from the University Science Malaysia. It was one of the\u00a0largest human clinical trials on\u202fpalm tocotrienol complex that looked at White Matter Lesions induced by TIA (transient ischemic attack). The results were published in American Heart Association&#8217;s journal \u2013\u00a0Stroke\u00a0which\u202fshows that\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/strokeaha.113.004449\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/strokeaha.113.004449\">natural full spectrum palm tocotrienols\/tocopherol complex attenuates the progression of brain white matter lesion\u00a0<\/a>load in human, which are linked to\u00a0reduced risk of neurodegenerative cognitive\u00a0diseases and stroke.\u202f\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ded88fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ded88fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8e2ef13\" data-id=\"8e2ef13\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51b5400 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"51b5400\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tocotrienols and Cognitive Health\/Cognitive Decline <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae7bfee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ae7bfee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Brain is undoubtedly a remarkable organ with important functional responsibilities such as reading, learning, balance, sleep, memory, behavior, movement, vision, appetite, emotion and etc.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>Chronic alcohol\u202fintake is known to induce brain dysfunction and neuronal damage. The cognitive-supporting effects of tocotrienols and alpha-tocopherol was assessed in Male Wistar rats, given ethanol (10g\/kg) for 10 weeks. Administration of\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/19464322\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/19464322\">tocotrienol showed a more pronounced\u00a0effects in preventing the change of biochemical, molecule (i.e. oxidative-nitrosative\u00a0stress, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels)\u00a0and behavior (i.e. learning and memory) in the brains of ethanol-challenged rats<\/a>. Hence, tocotrienol\u00a0has more potent potency\u00a0in\u00a0addressing\u00a0cognitive deficits associated with chronic alcohol consumption.\u00a0<\/p><p>Brain-aging is another\u00a0reason of cognitive decline (i.e.\u00a0memory or thinking skills)\u00a0and even\u00a0leading to\u00a0a more serious issue \u2013 \u201cdementia\u201d. The improvement of learning and memory deficit by supplementation of palm tocotrienols\/tocopherol\u00a0complex\u00a0were reported in 2 recent papers by researchers from Malaysia and Japan. The Malaysian researchers discovered that aged rats supplemented\u00a0with palm tocotrienols\/tocopherol complex (200mg\/kg\/day) for 3 months shows a\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11745-014-3919-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11745-014-3919-2\">markedly reduction\u00a0level of anxiety, improved spatial learning and memory, reduced amount and severity of DNA damage, a reduced level of MDA, as well as\u00a0increased levels of antioxidant enzyme activity and plasma\/brain vitamin E<\/a>\u00a0compared with age-matched controls. Meantime, the Japanese researchers found\u00a0that\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jcbn\/58\/2\/58_15-52\/_article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jcbn\/58\/2\/58_15-52\/_article\">tocotrienols can reach the brain even though with\u00a0oxidatively-damaged blood brain barrier in the aged rats\u00a0and markedly improves age-related deficits in learning and memory<\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>In 2020, a\u00a0randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study reported the cognitive function improvement through supplementation of\u00a0palm\u00a0tocotrienol complex and astaxanthin in adults who felt\u00a0a memory decline. The study involved 44 healthy subjects who received either a combination of astaxanthin (9mg) and tocotrienol (50mg) or a placebo capsule daily, for 12 weeks supplementation.\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/central\/doi\/10.1002\/central\/CN-02202151\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/central\/doi\/10.1002\/central\/CN-02202151\/full\">The astaxanthin-tocotrienols group shows\u00a0a significant improvement in composite memory and verbal memory in Cognitrax\u00a0at the end of the intervention period<\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6954c32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6954c32\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b56834e\" data-id=\"b56834e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6920096 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6920096\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vitamin E Tocotrienols \/ Tocopherol in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Ad<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93cfc49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93cfc49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Researchers at the Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm studied the relationship of vitamin E\u00a0\u2013 both tocopherols and tocotrienols\u00a0and\u00a0Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (AD) in cross-sectional multicenter study of\u00a0older European population. MCI is often thought as the precursor of AD.\u00a0The study population was derived from the AddNeuroMed Project, a multicenter European longitudinal study on the detection of biomarkers for AD. It is one of the largest cohorts of AD and MCI subjects, gathered from more than 6 European countries.\u00a0\u00a0A total of 4 published\u00a0epidemiological studies\u00a0show that\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/articles\/journal-of-alzheimers-disease\/jad091450\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/articles\/journal-of-alzheimers-disease\/jad091450\">all vitamin E isoforms (d-mixed tocopherols and d-mixed tocotrienols) are important to support a healthy cognitive function, rather than to\u00a0regular vitamin E alpha-tocopherol alone<\/a>. In addition,\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/22192241\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/22192241\">low plasma tocopherols and tocotrienols levels, especially tocotrienols, are associated with increased odds of MCI and AD<\/a>. Meanwhile,\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/joim.12037\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/joim.12037\">elevated levels of tocopherol and tocotrienol forms are associated with reduced risk of cognitive impairment in older adults<\/a>. The fourth publication, published in Experimental Gerontology, suggests\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0531556513002878\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0531556513002878\">plasma level of tocopherols and tocotrienols play potential role of nutritional biomarkers as indirect indicators of AD pathology, and connecting tocotrienols to improved cognitive health\/reduced MCI risk<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-fc02260 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fc02260\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0f4542c\" data-id=\"0f4542c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b54af3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6b54af3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec49171 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ec49171\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tocotrienols, more known as the \u201cSuper Vitamin E\u201d \u2013 has a significant body of science and human studies on brain health\/neuroprotection benefits\u00a0and cognitive improvement. They play an important role in\u00a0protecting the brain and supporting healthy cognitive functions, when challenged by external toxins and due to the inevitable aging process. Hence, when formulating a formula for brain health or cognitive support, it is prudent to incorporate the right form of vitamin E \u2013\u00a0ie: Tocotrienols.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cfc36aa elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cfc36aa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ac8c45\" data-id=\"0ac8c45\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7eef82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d7eef82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tocotrienols for Brain Health and Cognitive Support<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b2d83c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3b2d83c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/leong_sfondo.1024_0_1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5697\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/leong_sfondo.1024_0_1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/leong_sfondo.1024_0_1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/leong_sfondo.1024_0_1-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-616a391 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"616a391\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-62ca0e7\" data-id=\"62ca0e7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69d632d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"69d632d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78b9aee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"78b9aee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vitamin E is an essential fat-soluble vitamin that is important in maintaining certain health functions such as reproduction, skin health and brain protection. Vitamin E exists naturally in eight forms (d-alpha-, d-beta-, d-gamma-, and d-delta-tocopherol and d-alpha-, d-beta-, d-gamma-, and d-delta-tocotrienol). Among these vitamin E, tocotrienols\u2019 unique biological activity in relation to brain protection and cognitive health have attracted tremendous interests from both academic, research scientists as well as dietary supplement companies.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2a36547 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2a36547\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f522f94\" data-id=\"f522f94\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb1fd46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eb1fd46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Journey Began from an Nih-funded in Vitro Study of Vitamin E Isomers in Neuron Cell Survival<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00e8e43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"00e8e43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>While both tocopherols and tocotrienols\u00a0are Vitamin E and\u00a0have similar molecular structures, they differ in term of the unsaturation in their tail (side chain). Tocotrienol\u00a0has\u00a0three\u00a0unsaturated bonds\u00a0in its\u00a0isoprenoid\u00a0tail; whereas tocopherol\u00a0has a fully\u00a0saturated\u00a0tail.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7a5227 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d7a5227\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"603\" height=\"145\" src=\"https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/leong_image.2048_0_1.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5698\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/leong_image.2048_0_1.png 603w, https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/leong_image.2048_0_1-300x72.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 603px) 100vw, 603px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29dbddf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"29dbddf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"tocotrienols_for_brain_health_and_cognitive_support_text-3\" class=\"area  textbox  style_TEXT_bodytext \" data-name=\"text\" data-template=\"text\" data-area-name=\"text-3\"><section data-elkey=\"textbox\" data-html-edit=\"textbox\"><p>While both tocopherols and tocotrienols\u00a0are Vitamin E and\u00a0have similar molecular structures, they differ in term of the unsaturation in their tail (side chain). Tocotrienol\u00a0has\u00a0three\u00a0unsaturated bonds\u00a0in its\u00a0isoprenoid\u00a0tail; whereas tocopherol\u00a0has a fully\u00a0saturated\u00a0tail.<\/p><\/section><\/section><section id=\"tocotrienols_for_brain_health_and_cognitive_support_text-5\" class=\"area  textbox  style_TEXT_bodytext \" data-name=\"text\" data-template=\"text\" data-area-name=\"text-5\"><section data-elkey=\"textbox\" data-html-edit=\"textbox\"><p>In a layman\u2019s term, tocotrienols can be defined as the \u201cUnsaturated Form of Vitamin E\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>Tocotrienols are a lipid-soluble antioxidant. Its antioxidant activity was\u00a0reported\u00a0to\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/089158499190033Y?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/089158499190033Y?via%3Dihub\">be\u00a040 to 60 times more potent than\u00a0the regular vitamin E\u00a0tocopherol<\/a>,\u00a0by the late Dr. Lester Packer, one of\u00a0the world&#8217;s foremost\u202fantioxidant research scientists. In late 90s, his then student (Dr. Chandan K. Sen)\u00a0carried out\u00a0a blinded study on vitamin E isomers (tocopherols and tocotrienols)\u00a0and their response to\u00a0glutamate\u00a0challenge\u00a0in protecting the brain. Interestingly, tocotrienols significantly out-performs\u00a0tocopherol where only\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0021925819834221\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0021925819834221\">nano-molar\u00a0(10<sup>-9<\/sup>)\u00a0concentration\u00a0of tocotrienol\u00a0is required in\u00a0rescuing\u00a0neuron cells from glutamate-induced brain damages<\/a>.\u00a0On the other hand &#8211;\u00a0approximately\u00a01000 times higher concentration of tocopherol is required to achieve the same level of protection. This discovery leads\u00a0to the beginning of tocotrienol\u2019s research in\u00a0neuro\u00a0protection and cognitive health.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>Subsequently, over the past 20 years\u00a0with funding from NIH,\u00a0Prof. Sen and his research team\u00a0at the Ohio State University Medical Center published\u00a0five\u00a0different mechanisms in which\u00a0tocotrienols modulate\u00a0molecular signals that\u00a0lead to protection of\u00a0neuronal cells from stroke-\u00a0or\u00a0glutamate-induced injuries:<\/p><\/section><\/section>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90edc0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"90edc0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"tocotrienols_for_brain_health_and_cognitive_support_text-3\" class=\"area textbox style_TEXT_bodytext \" data-name=\"text\" data-template=\"text\" data-area-name=\"text-3\"><section data-elkey=\"textbox\" data-html-edit=\"textbox\"><ul><li><a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000181082.70763.22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000181082.70763.22\">Reduction in c-Src\u00a0kinase activation<\/a>;\u00a0<\/li><li><a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0021925820826349\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0021925820826349\">Inhibition of 12-lipoxygenase phosphorylation<\/a>;\u00a0<\/li><li><a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06550.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06550.x\">Inhibition of phospholipase A2<\/a>;\u00a0<\/li><li><a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.608547\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.608547\">Up-regulation of Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1)<\/a>;\u00a0<\/li><li><a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.68\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.68\">Rescued stroke-induced loss of miR-29b (microRNA-29b) and minimized lesion size<\/a>.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/section><\/section>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ba152e0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ba152e0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c72d53d\" data-id=\"c72d53d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ddf72c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1ddf72c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Neuroprotection of Palm Tocotrienol Complex<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b39222d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b39222d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t60% of human brain is made up of fat and with its high oxygen consumption, the brain is highly susceptible to oxidative stress. A team of Japanese researchers from Department of Neurology, Okayama University, assessed the therapeutic and anti-inflammatory effects of pretreatment with palm tocotrienols\/tocopherol complex on transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in mice. These mice were fed with palm tocotrienols\/tocopherol complex <br>(200mg\/kg\/day) for 1 month prior to the challenge of tMCAO. The treated group reported significant <a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1052305718301423\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1052305718301423\">neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress\u00a0via anti-apoptotic\/autophagic cell death<\/a>\u00a0as well as by\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1052305718301551\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1052305718301551\">anti-inflammatory effects in ischemic mice brain<\/a>.\n\nIn another study \u2013 Prof Sen published another study which shows that supplementation with\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3210346\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3210346\/\">palm tocotrienol complex improves blood flow to the brain in a canine model, by enhancing leptomeningeal collateralization to the middle cerebral artery territory and increased expression of\u00a0arteriogenic genes\u00a0<\/a>(chloride intracellular channel 1 and TIMP 1).\n\nA two-year, randomized, controlled trial with follow up of white matter lesion (WML) change in human subjects was conducted by researchers from the University Science Malaysia. It was one of the\u00a0largest human clinical trials on\u202fpalm tocotrienol complex that looked at White Matter Lesions induced by TIA (transient ischemic attack). The results were published in American Heart Association&#8217;s journal \u2013\u00a0Stroke\u00a0which\u202fshows that\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/strokeaha.113.004449\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/strokeaha.113.004449\">natural full spectrum palm tocotrienols\/tocopherol complex attenuates the progression of brain white matter lesion\u00a0<\/a>load in human, which are linked to\u00a0reduced risk of neurodegenerative cognitive\u00a0diseases and stroke.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a17c1a1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a17c1a1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-dea0659\" data-id=\"dea0659\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6103523 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6103523\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tocotrienols and Cognitive Health\/Cognitive Decline <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0406df7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0406df7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Brain is undoubtedly a remarkable organ with important functional responsibilities such as reading, learning, balance, sleep, memory, behavior, movement, vision, appetite, emotion and etc.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>Chronic alcohol\u202fintake is known to induce brain dysfunction and neuronal damage. The cognitive-supporting effects of tocotrienols and alpha-tocopherol was assessed in Male Wistar rats, given ethanol (10g\/kg) for 10 weeks. Administration of\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/19464322\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/19464322\">tocotrienol showed a more pronounced\u00a0effects in preventing the change of biochemical, molecule (i.e. oxidative-nitrosative\u00a0stress, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels)\u00a0and behavior (i.e. learning and memory) in the brains of ethanol-challenged rats<\/a>. Hence, tocotrienol\u00a0has more potent potency\u00a0in\u00a0addressing\u00a0cognitive deficits associated with chronic alcohol consumption.\u00a0<\/p><p>Brain-aging is another\u00a0reason of cognitive decline (i.e.\u00a0memory or thinking skills)\u00a0and even\u00a0leading to\u00a0a more serious issue \u2013 \u201cdementia\u201d. The improvement of learning and memory deficit by supplementation of palm tocotrienols\/tocopherol\u00a0complex\u00a0were reported in 2 recent papers by researchers from Malaysia and Japan. The Malaysian researchers discovered that aged rats supplemented\u00a0with palm tocotrienols\/tocopherol complex (200mg\/kg\/day) for 3 months shows a\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11745-014-3919-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11745-014-3919-2\">markedly reduction\u00a0level of anxiety, improved spatial learning and memory, reduced amount and severity of DNA damage, a reduced level of MDA, as well as\u00a0increased levels of antioxidant enzyme activity and plasma\/brain vitamin E<\/a>\u00a0compared with age-matched controls. Meantime, the Japanese researchers found\u00a0that\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jcbn\/58\/2\/58_15-52\/_article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jcbn\/58\/2\/58_15-52\/_article\">tocotrienols can reach the brain even though with\u00a0oxidatively-damaged blood brain barrier in the aged rats\u00a0and markedly improves age-related deficits in learning and memory<\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>In 2020, a\u00a0randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study reported the cognitive function improvement through supplementation of\u00a0palm\u00a0tocotrienol complex and astaxanthin in adults who felt\u00a0a memory decline. The study involved 44 healthy subjects who received either a combination of astaxanthin (9mg) and tocotrienol (50mg) or a placebo capsule daily, for 12 weeks supplementation.\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/central\/doi\/10.1002\/central\/CN-02202151\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/central\/doi\/10.1002\/central\/CN-02202151\/full\">The astaxanthin-tocotrienols group shows\u00a0a significant improvement in composite memory and verbal memory in Cognitrax\u00a0at the end of the intervention period<\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ef2d731 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ef2d731\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-782a3f2\" data-id=\"782a3f2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52c9018 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"52c9018\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vitamin E Tocotrienols \/ Tocopherol in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Ad<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6b6991 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a6b6991\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Researchers at the Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm studied the relationship of vitamin E\u00a0\u2013 both tocopherols and tocotrienols\u00a0and\u00a0Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (AD) in cross-sectional multicenter study of\u00a0older European population. MCI is often thought as the precursor of AD.\u00a0The study population was derived from the AddNeuroMed Project, a multicenter European longitudinal study on the detection of biomarkers for AD. It is one of the largest cohorts of AD and MCI subjects, gathered from more than 6 European countries.\u00a0\u00a0A total of 4 published\u00a0epidemiological studies\u00a0show that\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/articles\/journal-of-alzheimers-disease\/jad091450\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/articles\/journal-of-alzheimers-disease\/jad091450\">all vitamin E isoforms (d-mixed tocopherols and d-mixed tocotrienols) are important to support a healthy cognitive function, rather than to\u00a0regular vitamin E alpha-tocopherol alone<\/a>. In addition,\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/22192241\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/22192241\">low plasma tocopherols and tocotrienols levels, especially tocotrienols, are associated with increased odds of MCI and AD<\/a>. Meanwhile,\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/joim.12037\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/joim.12037\">elevated levels of tocopherol and tocotrienol forms are associated with reduced risk of cognitive impairment in older adults<\/a>. The fourth publication, published in Experimental Gerontology, suggests\u00a0<a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0531556513002878\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-linkblock=\"yes\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0531556513002878\">plasma level of tocopherols and tocotrienols play potential role of nutritional biomarkers as indirect indicators of AD pathology, and connecting tocotrienols to improved cognitive health\/reduced MCI risk<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-f01b240 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f01b240\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-504d980\" data-id=\"504d980\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d47595 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0d47595\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93730b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93730b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tocotrienols, more known as the \u201cSuper Vitamin E\u201d \u2013 has a significant body of science and human studies on brain health\/neuroprotection benefits\u00a0and cognitive improvement. They play an important role in\u00a0protecting the brain and supporting healthy cognitive functions, when challenged by external toxins and due to the inevitable aging process. Hence, when formulating a formula for brain health or cognitive support, it is prudent to incorporate the right form of vitamin E \u2013\u00a0ie: Tocotrienols.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-72ac1b1 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"72ac1b1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6bbf784\" data-id=\"6bbf784\" data-element_type=\"column\" 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Vitamin E exists naturally in eight forms (d-alpha-, d-beta-, d-gamma-, and d-delta-tocopherol and d-alpha-, d-beta-, d-gamma-, and d-delta-tocotrienol). Among these vitamin E, tocotrienols\u2019 unique [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6831,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5691","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technical-literature"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tocotrienols for brain health and cognitive support - PhytoGaia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/index.php\/2021\/09\/20\/tocotrienols-for-brain-health-and-cognitive-support\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tocotrienols for brain health and cognitive support - PhytoGaia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tocotrienols for Brain Health and Cognitive Support Introduction Vitamin E is an essential fat-soluble vitamin that is important in maintaining certain health functions such as reproduction, skin health and brain protection. Vitamin E exists naturally in eight forms (d-alpha-, d-beta-, d-gamma-, and d-delta-tocopherol and d-alpha-, d-beta-, d-gamma-, and d-delta-tocotrienol). Among these vitamin E, tocotrienols\u2019 unique [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/index.php\/2021\/09\/20\/tocotrienols-for-brain-health-and-cognitive-support\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PhytoGaia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-09-20T07:23:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-10-05T08:24:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.phytogaia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/leong_sfondo.1024_0_1-title-2.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"338\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Emma Ho\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Emma Ho\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"17 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.phytogaia.com\\\/index.php\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/20\\\/tocotrienols-for-brain-health-and-cognitive-support\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.phytogaia.com\\\/index.php\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/20\\\/tocotrienols-for-brain-health-and-cognitive-support\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Emma Ho\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.phytogaia.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3347497716c5beb94e001549b4644164\"},\"headline\":\"Tocotrienols for brain health and cognitive support\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-09-20T07:23:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-10-05T08:24:36+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.phytogaia.com\\\/index.php\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/20\\\/tocotrienols-for-brain-health-and-cognitive-support\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":4223,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.phytogaia.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.phytogaia.com\\\/index.php\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/20\\\/tocotrienols-for-brain-health-and-cognitive-support\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.phytogaia.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/leong_sfondo.1024_0_1-title-2.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Technical Literature\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.phytogaia.com\\\/index.php\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/20\\\/tocotrienols-for-brain-health-and-cognitive-support\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.phytogaia.com\\\/index.php\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/20\\\/tocotrienols-for-brain-health-and-cognitive-support\\\/\",\"name\":\"Tocotrienols for brain health and cognitive support - 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Vitamin E exists naturally in eight forms (d-alpha-, d-beta-, d-gamma-, and d-delta-tocopherol and d-alpha-, d-beta-, d-gamma-, and d-delta-tocotrienol). 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